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The Proto-Sbakaz language(PS) is spoken by the Proto-Sbakaz people, a society on the Northern Coastal savannas of the most southwest island. It is rather synthetic language with synthetic word construction.

Etymology

The name "Sbakaz" means "The People" in PS. It stems from Bakan, become, with the ending "-z" which means "one who -". Bakaz therefore means "A Person", or "The one who becomes". The "s" comes from the plural prefix for masculine words, which are nearly all.

Phonology

Vowels

A = [a] E = [e] I = [i] O = [o] U = [u] Ü = [ɨ] Ù = [ə]

Consonants

The following are pronounced as they are in English, and most other languages: V B D S Z N M G Ch W T K. Aside from those, J's are pronounced as [j] and Zh is as [ʒ]. Other sounds not in English are the following:

β = [β]

Γ = [ɣ̞]

Ṫ = [t̪]

Grammar

Syntax

Sentence

The base structure is VSO, with modifiers coming after the word it modifies.

Verb Phrase

The syntax of a verb phrase can be a little complicated in PS, if you factor in the verb itself. The base structure is the verb itself, whose structure we will cover later. The second major part is the Auxillary, which comes before the core verb. Kaddiüs Γodin

You should make/cause

After that part, it may be followed by an adverb, or another type of phrase.

Noun Phrase

The noun phrase is quite simple as well. First you have the noun itself, and then a conjunction or relative phrase marker. If there are two or more nouns conjoined, the relative marker comes after the last noun.


Morphology

Substansitives

Substansitive, which include all nouns and adjectives, are formed the same way(with adjective agreement). The substanstive is entirely synthetic in formation, with agglutination. They start out with a preposition particle, if applicable, then followed by the plural marker(which is affected by gender). The next piece is the noun stem itself, followed by a case marker, and a relative marker.

Gender

Gender in PS is actually quite easy. There are two genders, masculine and feminine, but they are not arbitrarily assigned. If an object is specifically feminine, it will be feminine. If it is not, it is automatically masculine. The Feminine is marked with a -t, which comes after the root, or replaces the final letter (In the case of the "one who" -z particle). E.g. Bakaz (Man), Bakat (Woman)

Plurals

Plural in PS is based on gender, with the plural marker for masculine, and thus most words, being S-, as we have in "sbakaz" (people). For feminine, it is V-, which would make "Women", Vbakat.

Cases

There are 6 cases in PS, all shown in the following table:

Case Case Suffix Case Purpose
Nominative

Uk

Used for the subjects
Accusative Um Used for direct and indirect objects
Genitive Che For describing possession. "of X"
Instrumental Kan Saying "With X"
Non-Instrumental Za Saying "Without X"
Locative Pan Used with prepositional phrases

Verbs

The verb is also agglutinative, with the so called "Direction" particle first, and the verb stem following. After the verb stem is: the mood, time particle, and negative marker.

The Direction Particle

The Direction Particle is an odd thing. It's definition is hard to put in words, but the direction it speaks about it metaphysical for lack of a better term. This particle is not necessary to be in a verb, The following is a table.

Direction Particle Example of Modification
Towards ze The Verb "to transfer" can be given this to become "to give"
Away mag The Verb "to transfer" can be given this to become "to take" or "to recieve"
Around sek Would cause "look" to become "look around"
Over badd Would make "emphasize", "over-emphasize"
Under ṫudd Would make "emphasize", "under-emphasize"


Mood

In PS, there are only 3 moods, and one of them is unmarked, and one of them has a little complication. The first mood is the indicative, and remains unmarked. The second is the imperative, which uses the particle "ü" (or "üt" if you are talking to a woman). The third is the causative, which uses the particle "s", which is placed after the imperative particle if the sentence is a command to cause something.


Time Particle

The time particle is a little tricky as well, because it covers both tense and the amount of times an action is performed. The following is a list of the particles, which can be combined (when logical) with each other in any chosen order.

Particle End Explanation
Past tiz Tense, no explanation needed
Present no marker Tense, no explanation needed
Future nozh Tense, no explanation needed
Again ag The English equivalent of the prefix "re-"
Habitually gadd Used to say you do something habitually, e.g. "I walk every morning", "I sing well"
Never Va Adds the semantic meaning of the English "Never" to the sentence. e.g. "I will never" "I never" "I never have"
Twice Ba To say that an action is doubled up.


The Negative

The negative particle is a simple "ve" added to the end of the sentence to negate the meaning.

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